{ "title": "Children’s Articulation Practice in SpeechLP Across Two Months", "primary_profiles": 101, "tables": [ { "number": 1, "caption": "Analyzed sample and matched accuracy records.", "columns": [ "Analytic measure", "Count" ], "rows": [ [ "Child profiles included in the study", 101 ], [ "Matched profile-and-sound pairs", 660 ], [ "Cards used in matched accuracy", 11902 ] ] }, { "number": 2, "caption": "Recorded ages among the 101 primary profiles.", "columns": [ "Recorded age band", "Profiles" ], "rows": [ [ "2-5", 55 ], [ "6-8", 33 ], [ "9-12", "Suppressed" ], [ "Unknown or out of range", "Suppressed" ] ] }, { "number": 3, "caption": "Practice amounts across the same 101 profiles. IQR denotes the 25th to 75th percentile.", "columns": [ "Measure", "Month 1 total", "Month 1 mean per profile", "Month 1 median (IQR)", "Month 2 total", "Month 2 mean per profile", "Month 2 median (IQR)" ], "rows": [ [ "All eligible cards", "12,557", "124.3", "53 (20 to 150)", "5,118", "50.7", "20 (8 to 49)" ], [ "Sessions", "680", "6.7", "5 (2 to 9)", "347", "3.4", "2 (1 to 3)" ], [ "Practice days", "475", "4.7", "4 (2 to 6)", "274", "2.7", "1 (1 to 3)" ], [ "Distinct sounds", "1,415", "14.0", "15 (8 to 21)", "908", "9.0", "8 (4 to 13)" ], [ "Matched sounds", "660", "6.5", "4 (2 to 9)", "660", "6.5", "4 (2 to 9)" ], [ "Cards used in matched accuracy", "7,600", "75.2", "23 (8 to 90)", "4,302", "42.6", "16 (4 to 38)" ] ] }, { "number": 4, "caption": "Overall paired accuracy in the primary 101-profile cohort.", "columns": [ "Weighting", "Profiles", "Sound pairs", "Month 1 (%)", "Month 2 (%)", "Mean change, pp (95% CI)", "Median change, pp" ], "rows": [ [ "Each profile equally", 101, 660, "69.4", "74.9", "+5.5 (0.4 to 10.4)", "+2.0" ], [ "Each sound pair equally", 101, 660, "68.2", "73.3", "+5.1 (1.1 to 9.2)", "+0.0" ] ] }, { "number": 5, "caption": "Directions of observed paired change in the primary cohort.", "columns": [ "Unit counted", "Comparisons", "Higher, n (%)", "Lower, n (%)", "Same, n (%)" ], "rows": [ [ "Profile mean", 101, "54 (53.5)", "34 (33.7)", "13 (12.9)" ], [ "Individual profile and sound", 660, "278 (42.1)", "177 (26.8)", "205 (31.1)" ] ] }, { "number": 6, "caption": "Month 1 and Month 2 accuracy for every consonant in the 101-profile primary cohort. Card counts combine the two matched periods.", "columns": [ "Sound", "Matched profiles", "Compared cards", "Month 1 (%)", "Month 2 (%)", "Change, pp (95% CI)" ], "rows": [ [ "/p/", 40, "820", "72.7", "67.6", "-5.1 (-15.7 to 5.4)" ], [ "/b/", 40, "895", "71.3", "76.1", "+4.7 (-3.9 to 14.3)" ], [ "/t/", 38, "700", "64.7", "75.8", "+11.1 (1.4 to 21.0)" ], [ "/d/", 41, "814", "75.6", "76.3", "+0.6 (-10.8 to 11.5)" ], [ "/k/", 39, "557", "69.5", "83.9", "+14.4 (3.2 to 25.4)" ], [ "/g/", 26, "384", "60.7", "70.9", "+10.3 (-6.0 to 26.0)" ], [ "/f/", 24, "317", "61.5", "54.2", "-7.3 (-26.0 to 10.7)" ], [ "/v/", 21, "202", "52.1", "62.5", "+10.4 (-12.6 to 33.7)" ], [ "TH /θ/ (thin)", "Suppressed", "Suppressed", "Suppressed", "Suppressed", "Suppressed" ], [ "TH /ð/ (this)", 8, "99", "26.9", "31.2", "+4.3 (-14.2 to 27.7)" ], [ "/s/", 42, "964", "78.3", "84.3", "+5.9 (-1.0 to 13.5)" ], [ "/z/", 33, "338", "67.6", "83.6", "+16.0 (3.2 to 29.2)" ], [ "SH /ʃ/", 32, "726", "62.6", "69.3", "+6.7 (-8.8 to 22.2)" ], [ "ZH /ʒ/ (measure)", "Suppressed", "Suppressed", "Suppressed", "Suppressed", "Suppressed" ], [ "CH /tʃ/", 23, "479", "59.3", "70.4", "+11.1 (-2.6 to 25.9)" ], [ "J /dʒ/", 20, "333", "63.1", "56.9", "-6.2 (-25.3 to 12.8)" ], [ "/m/", 29, "431", "81.9", "86.1", "+4.2 (-7.6 to 15.8)" ], [ "/n/", 46, "743", "77.4", "84.8", "+7.4 (-0.3 to 15.6)" ], [ "NG /ŋ/", 23, "225", "62.0", "73.2", "+11.2 (-0.2 to 23.7)" ], [ "/h/", 21, "204", "89.7", "87.0", "-2.7 (-17.2 to 12.1)" ], [ "/l/", 38, "939", "60.3", "67.4", "+7.0 (-2.4 to 16.1)" ], [ "R /ɹ/", 39, "1,421", "57.9", "54.6", "-3.3 (-17.8 to 11.5)" ], [ "/w/", 23, "134", "77.8", "82.4", "+4.6 (-17.1 to 26.4)" ], [ "Y /j/", "Withheld", "Withheld", "Withheld", "Withheld", "Withheld" ] ] }, { "number": 7, "caption": "Individual change directions for every consonant in the primary cohort.", "columns": [ "Sound", "Matched profiles", "Higher", "Lower", "Same" ], "rows": [ [ "/p/", 40, "18 (45.0%)", "17 (42.5%)", "5 (12.5%)" ], [ "/b/", 40, "16 (40.0%)", "14 (35.0%)", "10 (25.0%)" ], [ "/t/", 38, "17 (44.7%)", "8 (21.1%)", "13 (34.2%)" ], [ "/d/", 41, "19 (46.3%)", "10 (24.4%)", "12 (29.3%)" ], [ "/k/", 39, "23 (59.0%)", "8 (20.5%)", "8 (20.5%)" ], [ "/g/", 26, "14 (53.8%)", "6 (23.1%)", "6 (23.1%)" ], [ "/f/", 24, "8 (33.3%)", "9 (37.5%)", "7 (29.2%)" ], [ "/v/", 21, "9 (42.9%)", "7 (33.3%)", "5 (23.8%)" ], [ "TH /θ/ (thin)", "Suppressed", "Suppressed", "Suppressed", "Suppressed" ], [ "TH /ð/ (this)", 8, "2 (25.0%)", "4 (50.0%)", "2 (25.0%)" ], [ "/s/", 42, "19 (45.2%)", "9 (21.4%)", "14 (33.3%)" ], [ "/z/", 33, "16 (48.5%)", "4 (12.1%)", "13 (39.4%)" ], [ "SH /ʃ/", 32, "13 (40.6%)", "6 (18.8%)", "13 (40.6%)" ], [ "ZH /ʒ/ (measure)", "Suppressed", "Suppressed", "Suppressed", "Suppressed" ], [ "CH /tʃ/", 23, "10 (43.5%)", "7 (30.4%)", "6 (26.1%)" ], [ "J /dʒ/", 20, "6 (30.0%)", "7 (35.0%)", "7 (35.0%)" ], [ "/m/", 29, "9 (31.0%)", "7 (24.1%)", "13 (44.8%)" ], [ "/n/", 46, "21 (45.7%)", "7 (15.2%)", "18 (39.1%)" ], [ "NG /ŋ/", 23, "10 (43.5%)", "3 (13.0%)", "10 (43.5%)" ], [ "/h/", 21, "3 (14.3%)", "5 (23.8%)", "13 (61.9%)" ], [ "/l/", 38, "19 (50.0%)", "12 (31.6%)", "7 (18.4%)" ], [ "R /ɹ/", 39, "15 (38.5%)", "19 (48.7%)", "5 (12.8%)" ], [ "/w/", 23, "6 (26.1%)", "4 (17.4%)", "13 (56.5%)" ], [ "Y /j/", "Withheld", "Withheld", "Withheld", "Withheld" ] ] }, { "number": 8, "caption": "Primary result and overlapping secondary subsets. Accuracy means in this table weight profiles equally.", "columns": [ "Analysis", "Profiles", "Pairs", "Month 1 → 2 (%)", "Change, pp (95% CI)", "Higher pairs", "Lower pairs", "Same pairs" ], "rows": [ [ "Primary cohort", 101, 660, "69.4 → 74.9", "+5.5 (0.4 to 10.4)", "278 (42.1%)", "177 (26.8%)", "205 (31.1%)" ], [ "Regular-user subset", 47, 440, "69.0 → 77.1", "+8.1 (3.5 to 12.9)", "207 (47.0%)", "127 (28.9%)", "106 (24.1%)" ], [ "Five-card sensitivity", 39, 171, "72.3 → 78.6", "+6.3 (1.4 to 11.3)", "88 (51.5%)", "61 (35.7%)", "22 (12.9%)" ], [ "Five-card regular subset", 32, 156, "70.6 → 77.3", "+6.7 (1.5 to 12.2)", "78 (50.0%)", "57 (36.5%)", "21 (13.5%)" ] ] }, { "number": 9, "caption": "First-month sessions and paired accuracy change among the same 101 returning profiles. The five- and ten-count partitions overlap. The 10+ sessions interval is carried over from the earlier three-group analysis; a same-procedure recomputation gives -1.3 to 7.6.", "columns": [ "First-month practice", "Matched profiles", "Month 1 (%)", "Month 2 (%)", "Gain, pp (95% CI)" ], "rows": [ [ "1–4 sessions", 47, "70.0", "73.2", "+3.3 (-5.4 to 11.9)" ], [ "5+ sessions", 54, "68.9", "76.4", "+7.5 (2.2 to 13.0)" ], [ "1–9 sessions", 77, "67.3", "73.5", "+6.2 (-0.4 to 12.6)" ], [ "10+ sessions", 24, "76.2", "79.4", "+3.2 (-1.4 to 7.7)" ] ] }, { "number": 10, "caption": "First-month practice days and paired accuracy change among the same 101 returning profiles. The five- and ten-count partitions overlap.", "columns": [ "First-month practice", "Matched profiles", "Month 1 (%)", "Month 2 (%)", "Gain, pp (95% CI)" ], "rows": [ [ "1–4 practice days", 58, "68.9", "73.4", "+4.5 (-3.3 to 12.0)" ], [ "5+ practice days", 43, "70.1", "77.0", "+6.9 (1.7 to 12.8)" ], [ "1–9 practice days", 91, "68.9", "74.6", "+5.7 (0.1 to 11.2)" ], [ "10+ practice days", 10, "74.1", "77.8", "+3.7 (-4.0 to 11.6)" ] ] }, { "number": 11, "caption": "Direct differences in gains for all four requested practice comparisons. Positive values favor the more frequent group; all nominal 95% intervals include zero.", "columns": [ "Comparison", "Difference in gain, pp (95% CI)" ], "rows": [ [ "5+ sessions minus 1–4 sessions", "+4.2 (-5.7 to 14.6)" ], [ "10+ sessions minus 1–9 sessions", "-3.1 (-10.7 to 4.6)" ], [ "5+ practice days minus 1–4 practice days", "+2.4 (-7.0 to 12.0)" ], [ "10+ practice days minus 1–9 practice days", "-2.0 (-11.6 to 7.7)" ] ] }, { "number": 12, "caption": "Day 1 sensitivity: overall means among the same 95 matched profiles and 432 sound pairs. Both gains use this narrower sample, with nominal 95% intervals.", "columns": [ "Profiles", "Sound pairs", "Day 1 (%)", "Month 1 (%)", "Month 2 (%)", "Day 1 → Month 2 gain, pp (95% CI)", "Month 1 → Month 2 gain, pp (95% CI)" ], "rows": [ [ 95, 432, "70.1", "71.4", "76.4", "+6.3 (0.1 to 12.3)", "+5.0 (-1.0 to 10.7)" ] ] }, { "number": 13, "caption": "Day 1 sensitivity by first-month sessions. Each cutoff partitions the same 95 profiles; partitions overlap. Each row uses the same sound targets in all three periods. The 10+ sessions Day 1 to Month 2 lower bound is +0.04 before rounding.", "columns": [ "First-month practice", "Profiles", "Sound pairs", "Day 1 (%)", "Month 1 (%)", "Month 2 (%)", "Day 1 → Month 2 gain, pp (95% CI)", "Month 1 → Month 2 gain, pp (95% CI)" ], "rows": [ [ "1–4 sessions", 46, 147, "72.0", "71.1", "74.2", "+2.3 (-8.0 to 11.8)", "+3.1 (-6.8 to 12.4)" ], [ "5+ sessions", 49, 285, "68.4", "71.7", "78.4", "+10.1 (3.3 to 17.2)", "+6.7 (0.6 to 13.7)" ], [ "1–9 sessions", 72, 288, "70.1", "69.6", "75.9", "+5.8 (-1.9 to 13.3)", "+6.3 (-1.3 to 13.7)" ], [ "10+ sessions", 23, 144, "70.1", "77.2", "77.8", "+7.8 (0.0 to 16.2)", "+0.6 (-5.4 to 6.3)" ] ] }, { "number": 14, "caption": "Day 1 sensitivity by first-month practice days. Each cutoff partitions the same 95 profiles; partitions overlap. Each row uses the same sound targets in all three periods.", "columns": [ "First-month practice", "Profiles", "Sound pairs", "Day 1 (%)", "Month 1 (%)", "Month 2 (%)", "Day 1 → Month 2 gain, pp (95% CI)", "Month 1 → Month 2 gain, pp (95% CI)" ], "rows": [ [ "1–4 practice days", 56, 204, "68.4", "68.8", "75.1", "+6.7 (-2.7 to 15.9)", "+6.3 (-2.7 to 15.0)" ], [ "5+ practice days", 39, 228, "72.5", "75.2", "78.2", "+5.7 (-0.2 to 12.1)", "+3.0 (-3.1 to 9.1)" ], [ "1–9 practice days", 86, 361, "71.6", "71.4", "76.3", "+4.8 (-1.8 to 11.0)", "+4.9 (-1.5 to 11.1)" ], [ "10+ practice days", 9, 71, "56.3", "72.1", "77.2", "+20.9 (5.6 to 35.8)", "+5.1 (-4.0 to 14.0)" ] ] }, { "number": 15, "caption": "Direct differences in Day 1-to-Month 2 gains for all four requested frequency comparisons. All nominal 95% intervals include zero.", "columns": [ "First-month comparison", "Difference in Day 1 → Month 2 gain, pp (95% CI)" ], "rows": [ [ "5+ minus 1–4 sessions", "+7.8 (-3.8 to 20.2)" ], [ "10+ minus 1–9 sessions", "+2.0 (-8.8 to 13.3)" ], [ "5+ minus 1–4 practice days", "-1.0 (-11.9 to 10.1)" ], [ "10+ minus 1–9 practice days", "+16.2 (-0.1 to 32.2)" ] ] } ], "analysis_version": "2026-10-14 numerical baseline; 2026-11-03 journal preparation", "version": "1.0; manuscript dated 2026-11-03", "manuscript_date": "2026-11-03", "publication_status": "Public author preprint; website and Zenodo release 2026-11-03", "data_license": { "name": "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International", "identifier": "CC-BY-4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "scope": "The four accompanying aggregate CSV/JSON files only" }, "table_numbering_note": "Original Tables 1–7 remain main Tables 1–7; original Tables 8–15 are Supplementary Tables S1–S8. Numerical contents unchanged.", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23932485", "repository_url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23932485" }